The Basilica Cistern is a stunning, ancient underground structure located in Istanbul, Turkey. It is also known as the Yerebatan Sarayi (“Sunken Palace”) or the Yerebatan Cistern. The Basilica Cistern was built in the 6th century by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I and was once the largest of several hundred ancient cisterns that supplied the city with water. It has been open to the public since 1987 and is now one of the most popular tourist attractions in Istanbul.
History of the Basilica Cistern
The Basilica Cistern was built in 532 AD during the reign of Emperor Justinian I. It was designed to provide water to the Great Palace of Constantinople and other buildings in the city. It is estimated that the cistern could hold up to 100,000 tons of water. The cistern was built on the site of an earlier Roman structure, which was likely destroyed during the Nika riots of 532 AD.
The cistern is constructed from 336 marble columns, each 9 meters (30 feet) high. The columns are arranged in 12 rows of 28 columns each. The ceiling is supported by a system of brick vaults and is covered with a waterproofing layer of mortar and crushed bricks. The walls and floors of the cistern were also waterproofed with a thick layer of cement.
Features of the Basilica Cistern
The Basilica Cistern is an impressive structure, with its 336 marble columns, arched vaults and intricate brickwork. The most striking feature of the cistern is the two Medusa heads, which are located at the northwest corner of the cistern. The heads are believed to have been taken from the ruins of an ancient temple and were used as building blocks in the construction of the cistern.
The cistern is also home to a variety of wildlife, including fish, frogs, and eels. Visitors can also see the famous “headless” statue of Aphrodite, which is believed to have been used as a column base in the cistern.
Visiting the Basilica Cistern
The Basilica Cistern is open to the public every day from 9am to 6pm. Visitors can purchase tickets at the entrance for 15 TL (about $2.50). The cistern can be accessed via a long, winding staircase, and visitors are encouraged to wear comfortable shoes as the floors can be slippery.
Once inside, visitors can explore the cistern at their own pace. There are several pathways and bridges that traverse the cistern, providing access to all areas. Visitors can also take advantage of the audio tour, which is available in multiple languages.
Conclusion
The Basilica Cistern is an incredible feat of engineering and a unique glimpse into Istanbul’s history. With its impressive architecture, mysterious artifacts, and abundant wildlife, the cistern is a must-see for anyone visiting Istanbul.