The ancient Mayan city of Chichen Itza is located in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, approximately 120 kilometers east of the city of Merida. It is one of the most visited archaeological sites in the world and is considered one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Chichen Itza was a major center of political, religious, and commercial activity for the Mayan people. It was an important city for the Itza people, who had migrated from the northern Yucatan and were known for their impressive architecture. The city was at its peak from around 600 to 900 AD, and was abandoned in the early 13th century.
The city was built around two large natural sinkholes, or cenotes, which were considered sacred by the Mayans. The main cenote, known as the Sacred Cenote, is located in the center of the city and is thought to have been used for sacrificial offerings. The other cenote is located at the northern end of the city and was used for drinking water.
The Architecture of Chichen Itza
Chichen Itza is famous for its remarkable architecture, which combines elements of both the Mayan and Toltec cultures. The most famous structure is the Pyramid of Kukulkan, also known as El Castillo, which is located in the center of the city. This pyramid is a step pyramid made of stone, with a height of 24 meters and a base of 55 meters. It is adorned with carved figures of serpents that run down the sides of the pyramid.
Other notable structures at Chichen Itza include the Temple of the Warriors, the Ball Court, and the Observatory. The Temple of the Warriors is a large stepped pyramid that is decorated with relief carvings of warriors and serpents. The Ball Court is a large open-air court where a Mesoamerican ballgame was played. The Observatory is a building with an open-air roof, which was used by the Mayans to observe the stars.
The Mysteries of Chichen Itza
Chichen Itza is shrouded in mystery, and there are many theories about the purpose of its structures. For example, it is believed that the Pyramid of Kukulkan was used for religious ceremonies, such as human sacrifices. It is also thought that the Ball Court was used for ritualistic games, such as a game called Pok-a-Tok, which involved two teams competing to hit a ball through a hoop.
Another mystery of Chichen Itza is the phenomenon known as the “Equinox Light Show”. On the days of the spring and autumn equinoxes, the sunlight creates a triangle of light and shadow that forms a snake on the side of the Pyramid of Kukulkan. This phenomenon is thought to have been intentional, and is an example of the advanced astronomical knowledge of the Mayans.
Visiting Chichen Itza
Chichen Itza is open to visitors year-round, and is a popular destination for tourists. The entrance fee is $250 Mexican Pesos (about $12 USD). Visitors can explore the site on their own, or take a guided tour. It is recommended to wear comfortable shoes and bring plenty of water, as the site can get very hot.
What to See at Chichen Itza
- The Pyramid of Kukulkan
- The Temple of the Warriors
- The Ball Court
- The Observatory
- The Sacred Cenote
Chichen Itza is an awe-inspiring place to visit, and its mysteries still captivate visitors to this day. It is a must-see destination for anyone interested in the ancient Mayan culture.