The Temple of Heaven is one of Beijing’s most iconic sites. Built in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty, it was used as a sacrificial temple by the emperors of the Qing Dynasty to offer sacrifices to Heaven. The complex covers an area of 2.73 million square meters and is composed of three main parts: the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Imperial Vault of Heaven and the Circular Mound Altar.
Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests
The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests is the main building in the Temple of Heaven. It is a large circular building, built on three tiers of white marble bases. The building is 38 meters high, with a single-eaved roof covered in blue glazed tiles. Inside the hall is a large wooden statue of a dragon, symbolizing the emperor’s power.
Imperial Vault of Heaven
The Imperial Vault of Heaven is located in the northern part of the Temple of Heaven. It is a two-story building with a single-eaved roof, covered in yellow glazed tiles. Inside, there are two stone tablets, one for the emperor and one for the empress, inscribed with their titles and honors.
Circular Mound Altar
The Circular Mound Altar is the most important part of the Temple of Heaven. It is a large round platform, made of white marble and surrounded by a circular wall. Inside the altar is a three-tiered marble terrace, on which the emperor would stand and offer sacrifices to Heaven.
The Park
The Temple of Heaven is also home to a large park. It is an oasis of green in the city, with rolling hills, lakes, and gardens. Visitors can take a leisurely stroll through the park, enjoying the natural beauty and tranquility.
The Rituals
The emperor would visit the Temple of Heaven twice a year to offer sacrifices to Heaven. The ritual was a solemn affair, with the emperor wearing special robes and accompanied by a large entourage of officials and musicians. The emperor would kneel on the Circular Mound Altar and offer his prayers, before offering food and other gifts to Heaven.
Conclusion
The Temple of Heaven is a remarkable example of ancient Chinese architecture. Its design and symbolism reflects the importance of Heaven in Chinese culture, and the rituals that were performed here have been passed down through generations. Today, it is a popular tourist destination, and a place to marvel at the beauty and majesty of Chinese history.