Teotihuacan, located in the Basin of Mexico, is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world. It was one of the largest cities of the pre-Columbian Americas and was home to over 150,000 people at its peak. It is believed to have been founded around 200 BC and remained inhabited until its decline in the 7th century AD. Teotihuacan is best known for its impressive architecture, which includes the Pyramid of the Sun, the Pyramid of the Moon, and the Avenue of the Dead.
History of Teotihuacan
The original inhabitants of Teotihuacan are unknown, though the city is believed to have been founded by the Teotihuacanos, an indigenous group of the Basin of Mexico. The city was a center of power and culture for centuries, reaching its peak in the 5th century AD. During this time, it was the largest city in the Americas and the sixth largest city in the world. It was also a major trade center, with goods coming from as far away as the Yucatan Peninsula.
Teotihuacan was an important religious center as well, with numerous temples and shrines dedicated to the gods of the Mesoamerican pantheon. It was also an influential center of learning, with a university-like complex where priests and scholars could study and teach.
Architecture
Teotihuacan is known for its impressive architecture, which includes some of the largest pyramids in the world. The Pyramid of the Sun is the largest, standing at an impressive 75 meters tall. It is believed to have been constructed around 200 AD and was dedicated to the god of the sun. The Pyramid of the Moon is the second largest, standing at an impressive 43 meters tall. It is believed to have been constructed around 150 AD and was dedicated to the goddess of the moon.
The Avenue of the Dead is the main thoroughfare of the city, running from north to south and connecting the two pyramids. It is believed to have been a ceremonial avenue, with numerous temples and shrines along its length. The city also had numerous residential areas, which were organized around plazas and courtyards.
Decline
The decline of Teotihuacan is a matter of debate. It is believed to have been caused by a combination of factors, including environmental degradation, population decline, and warfare. It is believed that the city was abandoned around the 7th century AD and remained uninhabited until the 16th century, when it was rediscovered by the Spanish conquistadors.
Legacy
Today, Teotihuacan is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico. Its impressive architecture and the mystery of its decline continue to draw visitors from around the world. It is also a symbol of the achievements of the ancient Mesoamerican civilizations and a reminder of the power and sophistication of their culture.
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